Diabetes mellitus and chronic periodontitis: bi-directional relationship

Abstract

Today, scientists are identifying more complex links between diabetes mellitus and chronic periodontitis, and
also indicate a bi-directional relationship betweenthese two diseases, each of which negatively affects other.
According to many sources, there is a confirmation of relationship between periodontal disease and glycemic
status, expressed through glycosylated hemoglobin and glucose. The risk of developing chronic periodontitis
increases 2–3 times in people with diabetes as compared to people without this pathology. In common with
other complications of diabetes mellitus, the risk of developing and progression of chronic periodontitis
increases with the deterioration of the glycemic profile. People with chronic periodontitis have higher levels
of glycosylated hemoglobin. New evidence indicates that individuals with severe periodontitis have an
increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Studie have been carried out to determine the effect of chronic
periodontitis on the progression of diabetes mellitus, in which there has been a tendency to a decrease in
glycemic status in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus after correction of chronic periodontal disease.
However, the exact mechanisms that lead to a decrease in glycemic hemoglobin and an improvement in
glycemic control after periodontal treatment in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus are currently notentirely
clear and require extensive study.